Under the current rate method, the translation adjustments don’t affect the income statement but instead are included in other comprehensive income (OCI) and. Unrealized Gain/Loss Marketable Securities-----Revaluation Reserves. ASC Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters (ASC 830), prescribes the accounting for foreign currency within the statement of cash flows. 38B) Unrealized Gain/Loss Marketable. Prepare a schedule to verify the translation adjustment. The accountant for the partnership believed that the dissolved partnership and the newly formed partnership were two separate entities. Gain. Example FX 7-1 illustrates the application of this guidance. 31B) (4. CTA is a special account that is required for consolidated balance sheets in NetSuite OneWorld accounts with multi-currency enabled. The investor incurs cumulative translation adjustment (CTA) in other comprehensive income (OCI) due to foreign exchange (FX) fluctuations of $16 (credit). Direct computation of translation adjustment: BOY net assets x (EOY - BOY exchange + v $ O X Net income x (EOY - Average exchange rate) 16,800 V Dividends x (EOY - Dividend exchange + (840). Purpose. (d) Cumulative translation adjustment is the result of the exchange gain arising on the translation of exploration and evaluation assets held at SMSA, whose functional currency is the Brazilian Real, as a result of the appreciation of the Brazilian Real relative to the Canadian dollar during the six month period ended June 30, 2021. 2 and later: How is the Cumulative Translation Adjustment (CTA) Account Calculated. Annual balance sheet by MarketWatch. other comprehensive income. 14B) (517M) (582M) Unrealized Gain/Loss Marketable. The translation process uses translation rate types and translation rules to restate actual balances from the ledger currency to the reporting currency for the specified balancing segment values. dollar during the year. It is recognized under the shareholder’s. The entry on Line 23a should allow the IRS to differentiate between the actual day-to-day operational gains and losses and those caused due to foreign currency translation. operation. Lack of. Compute the ending Cumulative Translation Adjustment directly, assuming a BOY balance of $273, 564. Get a hint. 4. Following are the subsidiary’s financial statements (in GBP) for the most. ) Translated at historical exchange rates The. CTA account balance. Unrealized Gain/Loss Marketable Securities-----Revaluation Reserves. Exch. Companies can comply by using this simple calculation to validate each subsidiaries’ individual changes in CTA, or to validate the combined changes to CTA of a group of entities with the same functional currency. The CTA (Cumulative Translation Adjustment) GL Account is used as a plug to balance the Trial Balance after translating using various exchange rates. Sts French Subs Fin. Cumulative Translation Adjustment/Unrealized For. 775 credit Solution: Total Assets 21,750 x 67. 3. The elimination entry to distribute the excess will include a(n) debit to Patent for 10,000FC multiplied by the current exchange rate debit to Patent for 10,000FC multiplied by the historical exchange rate credit to Investment in Star for 10,000FC multiplied by the average exchange rate credit to Cumulative Translation Adjustment for 10,000FC. more. All plant assets were acquired before the parent obtained a controlling interest in the subsidiary. General Electric’s CTA was a negative $4. 41, include: The next step is the calculation of the cumulative translation adjustment. S. Net loss in the income statement. A cumulative translation adjustment (CTA) summarizes the gains and losses resulting from varying exchange rates over time. A positive cumulative translation adjustment of €685 is needed as a balancing amount, which is reported in the stockholders’ equity section. This CTA is shown under the translated balance sheet’s comprehensive income section (part of shareholders’ equity), which compiles all the gains or losses arising from exchange rate fluctuations. The FASB has issued ASU 2013-05 titled Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830) - Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity. Compute the translation adjustment for the year 2020 a. Parent. BOY cumulative translation adjustment $(102,848) Answer Answer [E] Answer Current-year translation gain (loss) 179,596: Answer [C] Answer Answer [D] Answer EOY cumulative translation adjustment: $76,748: Answer Answer Balance sheet: Assets. The change in cumulative translation adjustments includes the following: (in thousands) 2011: 2010: 2009: Translation of non-U. Step 1. The foreign currency translation adjustment or the cumulative translation adjustment (CTA) compiles all the fluctuations caused by varying exchange rate. US Dollar Translation for Inventory and PPE Inventory and property, plan, and equipment is acquired at different times throughout the fiscal years as it has been discussed that Palmerstown Company uses FIFO for their inventory process. The December 31,2019 , consolidated balance sheet reported a cumulative translation adjustment with a $61, 950 credit (positive) balance. dollar-translated balance sheet reported retained earnings of $107,500 and a cumulative translation adjustment of $24,550 (credit balance). . Net. Cumulative translation adjustment (CTA) Exchange differences referred to in IAS 21. This account is necessary because the rate types of accounts may differ, which results in different rates being used that can cause an. 4 Cumulative translation adjustment accounts An investor may decide to contribute a portion or all of its foreign operations that constitute a business to a. Instead, translating the foreign entity’s financial statements into the reporting currency generates an equivalent gain or loss within the cumulative translation adjustment (CTA) account, a component of other comprehensive income. 16. 60 = P1,470,300o =====830): Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity. 90 which it exchanges to $1,260. Expert Answer. 6 billion in 2006. Related: How To Become an International Trade Specialist. The foreign currency translation adjustment, also known as the cumulative translation adjustment CTA, aggregates all of the changes produced by fluctuating exchange rates. The foreign currency translation adjustment or the cumulative translation adjustment (“CTA”) compiles all the fluctuations caused by varying exchange rates. ) are translated at the current rate, but the non-monetary assets are translated at the historical rate. 9. Exch. Companies that are adopting NetSuite OneWorld might need to consider. 4 of 5. d. Compute the ending cumulative translation adjustment directly, assuming a BOY balance of $(37, 237). From my experience, in the HFM world equity translation is most commonly handled through a set of so-called “override” accounts. Enter loss and debit cumulative translation adjustment using either a negative sign preceding the number e. Changes in reporting currency amounts that result from the translation process are called translation adjustments and are included in the cumulative translation adjustment. . 2. Cumulative translation adjustment as a deferred asset on the balance sheet c. Expert Answer. Cash: $1,526,569: Answer Answer Accounts receivable: 1,768,320: Answer Answer. When a foreign currency is the functional currency, foreign currency balances are translated using the current rate method and a cumulative translation adjustment is reported on the_______________ _________. Gain (414M) (450M) (403M) (448M) (445M) Unrealized Gain/Loss Marketable. Consider your business needs prior to activating a reporting ledger rather than using translation. Oracle’s Financial and Consolidation Close (FCC) application offers out-of-the-box CTA calculation to help ease the pain. b. Find your RI that balances your Balance Sheet. Although ASC 830-30-40-1 and ASC 830-30-45-13 only address the treatment of cumulative translation adjustments, we believe that other amounts in AOCI should be analogized to this guidance (e. 51,775 credit b. The subsidiary maintains its books in the British pound (GBP) as its functional currency. The disclosures required by (b) and (d) shall exclude cumulative basis adjustments related to foreign exchange risk. Chapter 10. 2 Analysis of changes in cumulative translation adjustment. Translate Suffolk's December 31, 2020, trial balance from British pounds to U. Year 2's total translation adjustment is $8,000 as of the end of the year. All values USD Millions. Steps to Replicate the issue: 1) In the primary ledger define a revaluation rule. All values USD Millions. dollars. 04. 4. Unrealized Gain/Loss Marketable Securities-Option not to recognize any cumulative translation adjustment for foreign subsidiaries. Converting financial statements prepared under foreign GAAP into domestic GAAP B. Translate the subsidiary's income statement, statement of retained earnings, balance sheet, and statement of cash b. The cumulative translation adjustment is a plug figure to balance the trial balance. Question: QUESTION 16If a firm's subsidiary is using the local currency as the functional currency, which of the following is NOT a circumstance that could justify the use of a balance sheet hedge?The foreign subsidiary is about to be liquidated, so that the value of its Cumulative Translation Adjustment (CTA) would be realized. DH 8. The translation adjustment is an inherent result of this process, in which balance sheet and income statement items are translated at. e) Accumulated other comprehensive income. ceaa-acee. Cumulative translation adjustment 900 Property, plant & equipment (revaluation) 900 To revalue (write-down) the excess of acquisition consideration over book value for the change in exchange rate since the date of acquisition with the counterpart recognized in the consolidated cumulative translation adjustment. 25 The December 31, 2019, consolidated balance sheet reported a cumulative translation adjustment with a $46,950 credit (positive) balance. Please refer to the Translation Technical Brief in Note 139717. 5. Cumulative Translation Adjustment/Unrealized For. However, in this example the currency translation will still take place even though we have for amount in group currency coming from ACDOCA. This calculation is shown in Exhibit E. An entry in a translated balance sheet over a period of years. Cumulative Translation Adjustment. Cumulative Translation Adjustment. Companies can comply by using this simple calculation to validate each subsidiaries’ individual changes in CTA, or to validate the combined changes to CTA of a group of entities with the same functional currency. Do not round your answers for part b. If a subsidiary is operating in a highly inflationary economy, how are the financial statements restated?. The cumulative translation adjustment(CTA) for a foreign currency translation adjustmetn arises as the all of the monetary assets (cash, financial assets, etc. This is because the consolidation ledger currency. 7 636,475 Adjustment for changes in net asset position during year: Net income for year 189,000 0. In order to calculate the cumulative translation adjustment, Net assets, 1/1/Y1 which is $8,000 also needs to be applied by $1. All-Inclusive Income Concept: Meaning, Criticism, History. In this article, we walk through a concrete example of how this works for an example business. Cumulative translation adjustments or CTA, are summarized entries regarding gains or losses incorporating the exchange rate fluctuations. It is an entry in the accumulated other comprehensive income section of a. transfer c. What journal entry did the parent company make as a result of this computation? $ Direct computation of translation adjustment: BOY net assets x (EOY - BOY exchange rates) Net income x (EOY - Average exchange rate) Dividends x (EOY -. Gain. Financial Statement Reporting: ASC 830-30-45-13. 5. Resulting unrealized gain or loss amounts are posted to the unrealized gain or loss accounts or to the cumulative translation adjustment account. Has anyone figured out how to get the details behind this amount off of the consolidated balance sheet? Looking to get a report or some visibility into how the cta is calculated. 51M) 25. Exch. 30 November 2016: 0,8525. Purpose. C. Following is an analysis of the changes in the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment account, net of. 5,125. a. For example, a user must first run the elimination process so that NetSuite creates an elimination journal entry that uses this account. Translation Translation B. Cumulative Translation Adjustment. Cumulative Translation Adjustment account: This account is necessary if you choose to translate your functional currency balances into another currency for reporting. Question #3: What is the annual change in the translation adjustment for Year 2? Question #4: What is the cumulative translation adjustment at the end of Year 2? Exercise 12-13 Year 1 Rupees Dollars Year 1 Debits Cash Receivables Inventory Fixed Assets 100,000 450,000 680,000 1,000,000 0. Second quarter 2021 net sales by business segment and operating profit (loss) by business segment compared with the first quarter of 2021 and the second quarter of 2020 are as follows. 5% premarket, after dropping 9. 39(c) are commonly identified as either ‘Cumulative Translation Adjustment’. Translation gain/loss as a component of the net income. However, as was the. Fiscal year is October-September. Unrealized Gain/Loss Marketable Securities. Given the relevant exchange rates presented, a. none of the options. The CTA represents the cumulative foreign currency gain or loss resulting from the net. 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 5-year trend; Net Income before Extraordinaries-----The amendments in this Update resolve the diversity in practice about whether Subtopic 810-10, Consolidation—Overall, or Subtopic 830-30, Foreign Currency Matters—Translation of Financial Statements, applies to the release of the cumulative translation adjustment into net income when a parent either sells a part or all of its. Sales are made and all expenses are incurred uniformly throughout the year. How is this figure computed, and where is the amount reported in the financial statements? Click the card to flip 👆. 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 5-year trend; Net Income before Extraordinaries----- The amendments in this Update resolve the diversity in practice about whether Subtopic 810-10, Consolidation—Overall, or Subtopic 830-30, Foreign Currency Matters—Translation of Financial Statements, applies to the release of the cumulative translation adjustment into net income when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling. 00 which exchanges to 8,000 and after that it needs to add Net income, Year 1 of 1,400 to multiply by $0. You can also click the amount for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment in the Balance Sheet, Comparative Balance Sheet, and Trial Balance to open this report. c. S. C. Thank you. 5. 2. General Ledger automatically posts any net adjustments as a result of currency translation to this account in accordance with SFAS 52 (U. 4 . 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 5-year trend; Net Income before Extraordinaries----- This is referred to as the translation adjustment and is reported in the statement of other comprehensive income with the cumulative effect reported in equity, as other comprehensive income. Investopedia uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. 68M) 3. Study Ls Quiz Ch 8 flashcards. Cumulative Translation Adjustment/Unrealized For. 38B) Revaluation Reserves. - The subsidiary's December 31,2019 , retained earnings balance was C $140, 590, an amount that has been. The translation adjustment of USD 1,009 above results from translating from EUR to USD. BOY net assets x (EOY - BOY exchange rates) BOY net assets x BOY exchange rate. The cumulative translation adjustment account is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and is transferred into reported earnings when the transaction to which it relates affects reported earnings. account is required under the FASB No. Process eliminations in a consolidated or elimination company – You can process and post eliminations as a single process during consolidation. Foreign currency translation–This is the process of expressing a foreign entity’s functional currency financial statements in the reporting currency. It is an entry in the accumulated other comprehensive income section of a translated balance sheet. Cumulative Translation Adjustment. Gains and losses on net investment hedges reclassified from cumulative translation adjustment to earnings . Hedge accounting guidance requires a reporting entity to designate hedging relationships at a transaction. Create Two. Addition to the cumulative translation adjustment. When a foreign. Exch. The subsidiary maintains its books in the Brazilian real (BRL) as its functional currency. View all AWK assets, cash, debt, liabilities, shareholder equity and investments. Process eliminations in a consolidated or elimination company – You can process and post eliminations as a single process during consolidation. 50 = C $1. Fin. Problem 5-7 (IAA) Bronze Company provided the following information at year-end: Share capital Share premium Cumulative translation adjustment - debit Treasury shares, at cost Retained earnings Cumulative unrealized gain on option contract designated as cash flow hedge 6,000,000 3,500,000 2,000,000 700,000 1,500,000 600,000 What is the. 4 Cumulative translation adjustment accounts An investor may decide to contribute a portion or all of its foreign operations that constitute a business to a joint venture. Cumulative Translation Adjustment/Unrealized For. 19 1,606,500 Cost of goods sold -810,000 $1. 1. Compute the ending Cumulative Translation Adjustment directly, assuming a BOY balance of $105,375. Cumulative Translation Adjustment/Unrealized For. The 2009 change in cumulative translation adjustments excludes an impairment provision of $1. The cumulative translation adjustment computation contains an adjustment to reflect changes in the fair value of the net assets of the company. The foreign subsidiary is operating is 16. Created with Highstock 2. g. Reporting entities should also apply the guidance applicable to OCI and cumulative translation adjustments accounted for in accordance with ASC 830 for equity method investments that are (or are part of) a foreign entity, and for domestic equity method investments that have an investment in a foreign entity. 4. Show transcribed image text. Shortcut computation for Cumulative Translation Adjustment. the foreign subsidiary is about to be liquidated, so that the value of its Cumulative Translation Adjustment (CTA) would be realized; the foreign subsidiary is operating in a hyper inflationary environment ; the firm has debt covenants or bank agreements that state the firm's debt/equity ratio will be maintained within specific limitsCurrency translation – You can set up the account ranges and rates to translate from the accounting currency of the source company to the accounting currency of the consolidation company. Changes in the cumulative translation adjustment account are added back in the computation of net cash flow from operating. Ltd. Ralph Lauren Corp. g. 07B) (1. Unrealized Gain/Loss Marketable Securities-----Revaluation Reserves. Therefore, the German subsidiary must adjust its liability to Parent Company A from €6,961,000 to €7,433,000. creat D. 0300 0. the translation adjustment that results from the use of the temporal method is a realized (cash) gain or loss that is caused by changes in exchange rates True or False False under the temporal method, expenses related to assets that are translated at historical exchange rates (such as depreciation expense) are translated using. Compute the ending Cumulative Translation Adjustment directly, assuming a BOY balance of $32,452. amounts that result from the translation process are called translation adjustments; translation adjustments are included in the cumulative translation adjustment. C. The financial statements of many companies now contain this balance sheet plug. Then, on 3 January 2015, the German company was acquired by the UK company. 8m. To translate the subsidiary's financial statements into US dollars, we'll use the. You are able to essentially create a Balance Sheet. 22 0. A. 46B) (1. 51,775 debit, c. 0300 3,000 13,500. For foreign exchange forward contracts designated as net investment hedges, the forward carry component is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in. On a partial disposal of a foreign operation, an entity is required to reclassify to profit or loss the proportionate share of the Net investment hedge amounts that are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recorded in OCI as a part of the cumulative translation adjustment. the change in the value of a foreign subsidiaries assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency, as a result of exchange rate change fluctuations, when viewed from the. A. ASC 815-10-50-4CCC(b) DG 12. During the measurement period, the acquirer then retrospectively adjusts those provisional amounts as it obtains the. EOY cumulative translation adjustment: $76,748: Assume the following information: The purchase price for the subsidiary included an AAP asset relating to Land that the parent estimated was worth GBP200,000 more than its book value on the subsidiary’s balance sheet. The difference between the consolidated historical carrying values (which would have been a function of the exchange rate that existed when the assets or liabilities arose), and the new translated values using the current exchange rate, is recorded to the cumulative translation adjustment (CTA) account. 28. Parent reports a cumulative translation adjustment using the equity method. Related Interpretations. Exch. 71M) (10. The foreign subsidiary is operating is a hyperinflationary environment. One journal line is the Accounting Setup Manager defined Cumulative Translation Adjustment Account (CTA) which is offset by the proper Gain/Loss account as seen in the primary journal ledger. Converting financial statements of a foreign currency into a domestic currency C. 775 debit d. In addition to the disclosures examples provided in this installation, the GAAP Financial Statement Disclosures Manual alsoCumulative translation adjustment : 1,345 (1,027) Net loss and comprehensive loss for the period $ (8,859) $ (7,402) Loss per common share : Equity holders of the Company : Basic and diluted net loss per common share (note 13) $ (0. This results in different rates being used and can cause an imbalance. However, the solution does not entirely resolve the problem, but it is a good start. Step 4. The December 31, 2019, U. If you have posted manual journal entries to the CTA account, a separate Cumulative Translation Adjustment account line displays the balance from manual journal entries. The balance in the account captures all of the gains and losses directly related to the fluctuations of the FX rates. 775 credit Solution: Total Assets 21,750 x 67. Direct computation of translation adjustment + $ Net income x (EOY - Average exchange rate) EOY cumulative translation adjustment Please answer all parts of the question. ). Bgc 1,775 credit c. 4. Often, the. NetSuite calculates CTA through consolidation and translation. Solution. The final part of this process is the reporting of the cumulative currency translation adjustment. Advanced Accounting Final. If the pattern of cash flows and exchange rates are. Cumulative Translation Adjustment/Unrealized For. Exch. Translation gain/loss as a component of the net income. Exch. The current rate method must be used when the foreign currency is chosen as the functional currency. Cumulative Translation Adjustment-Elimination. Converting the language. B. NetSuite also creates a reversing journal entry for all intercompany journal. Do not round your answers for part b. The ICAEW Library stocks the latest UK GAAP handbooks and manuals. -The cumulative translation adjustment reflects changes in the fair values of marketable securities on the balance sheet. 50,775 credit d. ASC 830-30-40-1 requires CTA to be reclassified from equity to net income “upon sale or upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign entity. C: Changes in the cumulative translation adjustment account are added back in the computation of net cash flow from operating activities since they are non-cash income or expense. The difference between these rates is captured within the Cumulative Translation Adjustment account. below. Both will give you different results on foreign exchange, as reporting currency ledgers will pull the rate from the transaction in real time, and month. The subsidiary's financial statements (in AUD) for the prior and most recent years follow in part a. Cumulative Translation Adjustment (CTA) Overview. Translation of financial statements Assume that your company owns a subsidiary operating in France. The CTA account captures the difference between these two exchange rates in US$. 5M) (4. CTA stands for Cumulative Translation Adjustment or Currency Translation Adjustment. 60 = P1,470,300o =====Solely because of the change in the exchange rate, the company’s intercompany accounts (prior to any currency translation adjustments) no longer balance, as shown in Exhibit 2. Gain. The offsetting debit or credit should be booked to the Cumulative Translation Adjustment account (although the account balance normally does not contain transactions, it is possible to post Journals to this account if desired). A country is defined as a highly inflationary economy if its cumulative three-year. When a net translation exposure exists, a cumulative translation adjustment account is necessary to bring balance to the consolidated balance sheet after an exchange rate change. a. all balance sheet accounts are translated at the current exchange rate, except for stockholders' equity. In this method, inventory, fixed assets, accumulated depreciation, cost of. See examples of CTA entries for different scenarios and currencies. When consolidating a foreign subsidiary, which of the following statements is not true? Subsidiary's income/loss is not carried forward to the consolidated. In cumulative translation adjustment until the hedged net investment is sold or liquidated. Subsidiary's cumulative translation adjustment is not carried forward to the consolidated balance sheet. Revaluation launches a process that revalues the ledger currency equivalent balances for the accounts and currencies you select, using the appropriate current rate for each currency. GAAP mandates use of the temporal method with translation gains/losses reported in income. A CTA entry is required under the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Equipment is translated at the historical exchange rate in effect at the date of its purchase. Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities . S. -Option not to comply with all presentation and disclosure requirements. EUR 2,950. TM - Translate the Balance Sheet first. CTA is a special account that is required for consolidated balance sheets in NetSuite OneWorld accounts with multi-currency enabled. Barclays PLC ADR Annual balance sheet by MarketWatch. Remeasurement Translation D. R . Cumulative translation adjustment, before income taxes (1 ) 26 (22 ) 26 Income taxes related to items of other comprehensive income - - - - Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. 1 Cumulative translation adjustment in impairment tests. Expert-verified. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Cumulative Translation Adjustment/Unrealized For. S. You are able to essentially create a Balance Sheet. In one of its moreCumulative Translation Adjustment (CTA): This is the balance that arises as a separate component of equity due to the differences when translating foreign financial statements. Cumulative Translation Adjustment (CTA) account. This would result in the investor deconsolidating a portion or all of its foreign operations. On a partial disposal of a foreign operation, an entity is required to reclassify to profit or loss the proportionate share of theNet investment hedge amounts that are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recorded in OCI as a part of the cumulative translation adjustment. What is a Foreign Currency Transaction Adjustment? In translating foreign currency financial statements into parent company currency using the current rate method, a translation adjustment can be calculated as a balancing amount. Adjustments that result from the difference in the foreign currency exchange rates post to the Cumulative Translation Adjustment-Elimination (CTA-E) account. Translation of financial statements and consolidation of a foreign subsidiary (no amortization of AAP)Assume that your company owns a subsidiary operating in Great Britain. Change in exchange rate. BOY net assets x (EOY - BOY exchange rates) BOY net assets x BOY exchange rate. Compute the ending Cumulative Translation Adjustment directly, assuming a BOY balance of $273, 564. Under FASB 52, when a net translation exposure exists, Multiple Choice. The intraperiod allocation rules can get quite complex and yield some very nonintuitive results. Translation of financial statements Assume that your company owns a subsidiary operating in Brazil. Income/loss in the income statement b. From my experience, in the HFM world equity translation is most commonly handled through a set of so-called “override”. Using a CTA GL Account is a common practice for any business doing Foreign Currency Translation. The subsidiary’s financial statements (in BRL) for the most recent year: PLEASE SOLVE FOR A AND B. Cumulative Translation Adjustment Proof. Cumulative translation adjustment at December 31, Year 2: $8,000; There is a $5,000 translation adjustment for the first year and a $3,000 adjustment for the second year. When investigating problems in these areas the solution is often in the relevant Technical Brief documents which also provide a useful insight into the topic. 6M) (6.